Nestled just five kilometres north of Ibi in Taraba State, Nigeria, lies Lake Nwonyo—home to one of the most captivating and culturally significant festivals in West Africa: the Nwonyo Fishing Festival. Celebrated annually, this grand event brings together the people of Ibi and neighbouring communities in a vibrant display of unity, tradition, and aquatic prowess.
The lake, believed to be the largest natural lake in West Africa, stretches over 15 kilometres, eventually linking to the Benue River. Its name, Nwonyo, is said to mean “hideout for huge and dangerous aquatic animals,” a reference to the lake’s ancient inhabitants such as crocodiles, snakes, and hippopotamuses.
A Festival with Deep Roots
The origins of the Nwonyo Fishing Festival trace back over 90 years, with historical accounts suggesting that the lake itself was discovered around 1816 by Buba Wurbo, the founder of the Ibi community. Over time, what was once a vital fishing hub for local farmers and fishermen evolved into a ceremonial event under the leadership of Agbumanu II (reigned 1903–1915). During this time, the first public festival was held, with the people of Ibi as participants and neighbouring communities like Wukari attending as spectators.
Interestingly, two myths surrounding the meaning of Nwonyo still persist today. One interpretation, in the Jukun language, refers to “under the locust bean tree,” while another speaks of the lake as the “abode of the snake.”
In 1943, the cultural structure of the festival was strengthened under the leadership of the then Chief of Ibi, Mallam Muhammadu Jikan Buba. He appointed Mallam Muhammadu Sango as Sarkin Ruwa (custodian of the lake), a role that involved protecting the waters from illegal fishing and announcing the official start of each festival. His efforts helped regulate the lake’s resources, allowing the fish population to thrive in preparation for the annual event.
A Season of Celebration and Culture
The Nwonyo Festival is typically celebrated during the dry season when water levels are lower and the lake is more accessible. While fishing remains the heart of the festival, it is accompanied by a wide range of exciting cultural activities and competitive displays.
Visitors can expect:
Traditional Fishing Competitions: The main event, where participants use canoes to fish safely amidst the lake’s natural inhabitants.
Swimming Competitions: Showcasing strength and skill in the water.
Dance and Music Performances: Local troupes entertain with vibrant displays of cultural rhythms and steps.
Singing Contests: Celebrating oral traditions and vocal talent.
Boat Regattas: Colorful and competitive canoe races.
Masquerade Parades: Displaying mystical performances that link to the spiritual traditions of the region.
Each edition of the festival not only fosters camaraderie and unity among diverse communities but also promotes cultural preservation and tourism, drawing visitors from across Nigeria and beyond.
Preserving a Legacy
The Nwonyo Fishing Festival is more than a cultural celebration—it is a living legacy of the Ibi people’s deep connection to nature, tradition, and community. With each passing year, the festival continues to evolve, embracing modernity while maintaining the rich customs that make it unique.
As drums echo across the waters and nets cast into the glistening lake, the spirit of Nwonyo endures—celebrating the harmony between man and water, past and present.
